High Court Says Title IX Permits Schools to Reserve Female Sports for Biological Females
by Emmitt Barry, Worthy News Washington D.C. Bureau Chief
WASHINGTON, D.C. (Worthy News) – The U.S. Supreme Court ruled Tuesday that states may bar transgender women and girls from competing on female school sports teams, handing a major victory to advocates who have argued that girls’ and women’s athletics must be protected on the basis of biological sex.
In a closely watched decision involving laws from West Virginia and Idaho, the Court upheld state authority to define eligibility for girls’ and women’s sports according to biological sex, reversing lower-court rulings that had sided with transgender athletes. The ruling came in West Virginia v. B.P.J. and Little v. Hecox, two cases that had become national flashpoints in the broader battle over Title IX, equal protection, parental rights, and the future of female athletics.
“The Constitution does not require that schools determine eligibility for women’s and girls’ sports based on gender identity rather than biological sex,” Justice Brett Kavanaugh wrote for the Court.
Kavanaugh said Title IX, the landmark 1972 federal law enacted to prevent sex discrimination in education, allows schools to maintain separate athletic teams for males and females. He wrote that the law’s reference to “sex” is properly understood as biological sex in the context of school athletics.
“The question is whether Title IX permits schools to maintain women’s and girls’ sports for biological females. The answer is yes,” Kavanaugh wrote.
The ruling is expected to have sweeping implications across the country. At least 27 states have enacted laws limiting girls’ and women’s school sports to athletes whose biological sex is female, while other states continue to allow athletes to compete according to gender identity.
Supporters of the state laws argued that allowing biological males to compete in female athletic categories undermines fair competition, safety, and the equal opportunities Title IX was designed to secure for women and girls. The Trump administration backed Idaho and West Virginia at the Supreme Court, arguing that states have a legitimate interest in preserving female sports categories.
The Court’s majority agreed that states may recognize biological differences between males and females in athletics without violating the Constitution’s Equal Protection Clause. The decision does not impose a nationwide ban, but it gives states clear legal room to maintain sex-based eligibility rules for school sports.
The Court’s three liberal justices dissented in part. Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson, joined by Justices Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan, argued that lower courts should have been allowed to develop more facts before the Supreme Court issued a broad ruling on the constitutional questions. The dissent said it was not taking a final position on whether the athletes would ultimately prove an Equal Protection violation.
For conservatives, the ruling marks a significant legal and cultural turning point after years of debate over whether gender identity should override biological sex in female athletics. The decision also represents another setback for transgender-rights advocates at a Supreme Court that has increasingly declined to expand gender-identity claims into federal law.
The ruling comes after years of political pressure surrounding girls’ sports, with President Donald Trump making the issue a major part of his 2024 campaign. Since returning to office, his administration has moved to restrict federal support for schools and states that allow biological males to compete in female sports.
Copyright 1999-2026 Worthy News. This article was originally published on Worthy News and was reproduced with permission.
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